Употребление артиклей с некоторыми именами собственными

 Лекция

1. Названия улиц, парков и площадей – обычно без артиклей:
Oxford Street, Kingsway, Whitehall, Hyde Park, Central Park,
Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus Но есть названия, которые традиционно употребляются с определенным артиклем:
The Botanical Gardens, the Snowdonia National Park
The Strand, the High Street 
2. Названия университетов и колледжей - без артиклей: Moscow University, Trinity College
Но: the University of Moscow 
3. Названия аэропортов – чаще без артиклей: London Airport, Moscow Airport
Но все же встречаются случаи с определенным артиклем:
the Washington Airport, the Dublin Airport 
4. Названия театров, музеев, галерей, концертных залов, кинотеатров, клубов и гостиниц – с определенным артиклем:
The Bolshoi Theatre, the Opera House
The British Museum
The National Gallery, the Hermitage, the Louvre
The Chaikovsky Hall
The Odeon, the Dominion
The National Liberal Club
The Continental Hotel, the Savoy, the Hilton 
5. Названия кораблей и лодок – с определенным артиклем: The Sedov, the Titanic 
6. Названия газет и журналов – с определенным артиклем: The Times, the Guardian, the World 
7. Названия организаций и политических партий – с определенным артиклем:
The Liberal Party, the London City Council, the National Trust, the Government 
8. Названия документов - с определенным артиклем: The Constitution 
9. Названия исторических событий - с определенным артиклем: The French Revolution

Существительные в единственном и множественном числе

Лекция

1. Следующие существительные употребляются с глаголами во мн. ч.:

обозначающие парные предметы 
trousers spectacles scissors scales tongs
Your trousers are too long. But I need a pair of trousers.

существительные, которые в русском языке имеют форму единственного числа, а в английском языке – форму множественного числа 
wages contents clothes arms stairs riches goods potatoes (etc) 
His wages are high. 

the police 

2. Следующие существительные употребляются с глаголами в ед. ч.:

оканчивающиеся на –s 
mathematics physics economics athletics gymnastics news 
What time is the news on TV?

advice information progress knowledge money hair accommodation baggage behavior bread furniture luggage weather work (a job) travel (a journey) 
The advice you gave me is really helpful. He gave me some good advice.

3. Следующие существительные употребляются в форме единственного и множественного числа:

gate sledge watch clock (в русском языке – имеют форму мн. ч.)
The gate is open. My watch is slow.
All the gates were closed. He has two watches.

собирательные существительные
government staff team family audience committee 

следующие существительные, оканчивающиеся на –s
means series species works 
a means of transport – many means of transport
a TV series – two TV series
a species of bird – 200 species of birds
a new glass works – two brick works

Скороговорки

READ THESE TONGUE-TWISTERS AND TRY NOT TO MAKE YOUR TONGUE TWISTED 

LEVEL 3

1. The sixth sick sheik’s sixth sheep’s sick. 
2. I know a boy named Tate who dined with his girl at eight eight.
   I’m unable to state what Tate ate at eight eight or what Tate’s tête-à-tête at eight eight. 
3. There was a fisherman named Fisher who fished for some fish in a fissure.
   Till a fish with a grin, pulled the fisherman in.
   Now they’re fishing the fissure for Fisher. 
4. Through three trees three free fleas flew.
   While these fleas flew, freezy breeze blew.
   Freezy breeze made these three trees freeze.
   That’s what made these three free fleas sneeze. 
5. How many cans can a cannibal nibble if a cannibal can nibble cans?
   As many cans as a cannibal can nibble if a cannibal can nibble cans. 
6. Betty bought some butter, but the butter Betty bought was bitter, so Betty bought some better butter, and the better butter Betty bought was better than the bitter butter Betty bought before! 
7. Dr. Johnson and Mr. Johnson, after great consideration, came to the conclusion that the Indian nation beyond the Indian Ocean is back in education because the chief occupation is cultivation. 
8. Oh, the sadness of her sadness when she’s sad. Oh, the gladness of her gladness when she’s glad. But the sadness of her sadness, and the gladness of her gladness, are nothing like her madness when she’s mad. 
9. A Tudor who tooted the flute tried to tutor two tooters to toot.
   Said the two to the tutor, “Is it harder to toot or to tutor two tooters to toot?”. 
10. Three witches watch three Swatch watches.
    Which witch watches which Swatch watch?

Употребление артиклей с географическими названиями

ЛЕКЦИЯ 

1. Названия континентов, территорий (также с такими определениями как northern, southern, western, eastern, central, minor, south-west, Latin, etc.) – без артиклей:
   Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia Minor 
2. Названия стран, городов, деревень, провинций - без артиклей:
   France, China, California, Kashmir, Delhi
   Артикль также не употребляется, если перед именами стоят такие определения как
   north(ern), south(ern), west(ern), east(ern), ancient, old, central:
   Old England, Ancient Greece, Southern France
   Исключения:
   The FRG, the Argentine, the Ukraine, the Congo, the Netherlands, the Cameroon,
   the Sudan, the Senegal
   The Crimea, the Caucasus, the Ruhr, the Tyrol, the Riviera, the Transvaal
   The Hague 
3. Названия океанов, морей, проливов, каналов, рек и озер – с определенным артиклем:
   The Pacific (ocean), the Baltic (sea), the North Sea, the Volga, the Baikal (Lake Baikal)
   The Bering Strait, the Bosporus
   The English Channel
   The Suez Canal 
4. Названия заливов - без артиклей: Hudson Bay 
5. Названия полуостровов - без артиклей: Kamchatka, Indo-China
   Но со словом полуостров употребляется определенный артикль: The Balkan Peninsula 
6. Названия пустынь – с определенным артиклем: The Sahara, the Gobi, the Kara-Kum 
7. Названия горных цепей и групп островов - с определенным артиклем:
   The Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Urals
   The Bahamas, the Bermudas 
8. Названия отдельных горных вершин и островов – без артиклей:
   Elbrus, Mont Blanc
   Haiti, Cyprus, Madagascar
   Niagara Falls

NURSERY RHYMES

READ THESE CHANTS WITH GOOD INTONATION. MIND THE RHYTHM.Number 1

Homework, homework. Lots of homework.

Early in the morning. Late at night.

Mary does homework. Mary loves homework.

 - Mary loves homework?   - That’s right!

Homework, homework. Lots of homework.

Early in the morning. Late at night.

Harry does homework. Harry hates homework.

-  Harry hates homework?   - That’s right!

Number 2

- Sh! Sh! Stop that noise!

- Sh! Sh! Stop that noise!

- Come on girls. Come on boys.

  Tell everybody to stop that noise!

- Please be quiet! Stop that noise.

- Please be quiet! Stop that noise.

- Please be quiet! Stop that noise.

- Tell everybody to stop that noise!

- Keep it down! Stop that noise!

- Keep it down! Stop that noise!

- Keep it down! Stop that noise!

- Tell everybody to stop that noise!

- Sh! Sh! Stop that noise!

- Sh! Sh! Stop that noise!

- Sh! Sh! Stop that noise!

- Tell everybody to stop that noise!

Number 3

- Where’s Jack?

- He is not here.

- Where did he go?

- I don’t know.

- Where’s Mary?

- She is not here.

- Where did she go?

- I don’t know.

- Where are Sue and Bobby?

- They are not here.

- Where did they go?

- I don’t know.

- Where’s Mr. Brown?

- He is over there.

- Where?

- Over there. Sleeping in the chair.

Number 4

A -Who has the name that starts with the “s”?

B -I do.

C -She does.

A -What’s her name?

C –Sylvia.

A -Who has the name that ends with the “a”?

B -I do.

C -She does.

A -What’s her name?

C –Sylvia.

A -Who has the name with the “v” in the middle?

B -I do.

C -She does.

A -What’s her name?

C –Sylvia.

A -Who has the name with the “l” in the middle?

B -I do.

C -She does.

A -What’s her name?

C –Sylvia.

A -Who is Sylvia?

B -I am.

C -She is.

A -What’s her name?

C –Sylvia.

Number 5

A - You did it again.

B - What did I do?

A - I told you not to do it and you did it again.

B - I am sorry. (2 times)

A - You broke it.

B - What did I break?

A - You took it.

B - What did I take?

A - You lost it.

B - What did I lose?

A - You chose it.

B - What did I choose?

A - I told not to do it and you did it again.

B - I am sorry. (2 times)

A - You wore it.

B - What did I wear?

A - You tore it.

B - What did I tear?

A - I told not to do it and you did it again.

B - I am sorry. (2 times)